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Hiukkasfysiikan määritelmä

Particle physics is a branch of physics which studies the nature of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter and radiation.

In current understanding, particles are excitations of quantum fields and interact following their dynamics.

Although the word "particle" can be used in reference to many objects (e.g. a proton, a gas particle, or even household dust), the term "particle physics" usually refers to the study of "smallest" particles and the fundamental fields that must be defined in order to explain the observed particles. These cannot be defined by a combination of other fundamental fields.

The current set of fundamental fields and their dynamics are summarized in a theory called the Standard Model, therefore particle physics is largely the study of the Standard Model's particle content and its possible extensions.
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Hiukkasten esittelyä
Modern particle physics research is focused on subatomic particles, including
atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are composite particles called baryons, made of quarks), produced by radioactive and scattering processes, such as photons, neutrinos, and muons, as well as a wide range of exotic particles.

Dynamics of particles is also governed by quantum mechanics; they exhibit wave–particle duality, displaying particle-like behavior under certain experimental conditions and wave-like behavior in others.

In more technical terms, they are described by quantum state vectors in a Hilbert space, which is also treated in quantum field theory.

Following the convention of particle physicists, the term elementary particles is applied to those particles that are, according to current understanding, presumed to be indivisible and not composed of other particles.

Elementary Particles

	Types	Generations	Antiparticle	Colors	Total
Quarks	2	3	Pair	3	36
Leptons	2	3	Pair	None	12
Gluons	1	1	Own	8	8
W	1	1	Pair	None	2
Z	1	1	Own	None	1
Photon	1	1	Own	None	1
Higgs	1	1	Own	None	1
Total					61

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Standari malli - kohta tieteen eilispäivää!
All particles, and their interactions observed to date, can be described almost entirely by a quantum field theory called the Standard Model. 

The Standard Model, as currently formulated, has 61 elementary particles. 

Those elementary particles can combine to form composite particles, accounting for the hundreds of other species of particles that have been discovered since the 1960s. 

The Standard Model has been found to agree with almost all the experimental tests conducted to date. 

However, most particle physicists believe that it is an incomplete description of nature, and that a more fundamental theory awaits discovery (See Theory of Everything). In recent years, measurements of neutrino mass have provided the first experimental deviations from the Standard Model.

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